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UBO Threshold Lookup

Search any jurisdiction for its beneficial ownership threshold, whether a central register exists, and who can access it — so you know how deep to unwrap an ownership chain before you start.

30 jurisdictions No sign-up required Nothing is stored

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How to read this. Thresholds and register arrangements change frequently, and several jurisdictions apply different thresholds for different purposes — company law disclosure, AML customer due diligence, and securities regulation are often not the same number. Access rules in particular have been in flux across Europe and North America. Treat this as an orientation aid and verify the current position in the relevant jurisdiction, or with local counsel, before relying on it. Thresholds are a floor, not a ceiling: where ownership is dispersed or opaque, you are expected to identify control by other means. Nothing you type here is transmitted or stored.
The part that trips firms up

The threshold is where you start, not where you stop

Twenty-five per cent is the most common beneficial ownership threshold in the world, and it is also the most commonly misapplied rule in corporate onboarding. It is not a test you pass by checking whether any single shareholder holds more than a quarter of the shares. It is the ownership limb of a two-limb test, and the second limb is where most missed UBOs live.

Ownership is only the first limb

Nearly every regime that sets an ownership threshold also requires you to identify anyone who exercises control by other means — a person who can appoint or remove the majority of the board, who holds a golden share or veto right, who controls the entity through a shareholders' agreement, or who directs it in practice regardless of what the register says. A company can quite legitimately have no shareholder above the threshold and still have a single controlling mind. Stopping at the ownership calculation misses that person entirely.

Indirect holdings aggregate

Ownership is calculated on a look-through basis through every layer of the structure, not layer by layer. A person holding forty per cent of a holding company that holds seventy per cent of the applicant holds twenty-eight per cent indirectly and is a beneficial owner in a twenty-five per cent regime. Structures are frequently arranged so that no single layer breaches the threshold while the aggregate look-through position does. This is the single most common cause of a UBO being missed in manual onboarding.

Where the trail runs out

When no natural person meets the ownership test and no one can be identified as exercising control, most regimes require you to identify the senior managing official as the beneficial owner of last resort — and, critically, to record why you fell back to that position. A file that names a managing director as UBO without explaining why the ownership and control tests produced nobody is a file that will attract a finding.

Registers are a check, not a source

Where a central register exists, it is evidence to be corroborated rather than a verified answer. Registers depend on self-declaration by the entity, they are often not verified by the registrar, and they can be materially out of date. Several regimes explicitly require obliged entities to report discrepancies between the register and what their own due diligence establishes.

UBO in the platform

Unwrap the structure without unwrapping your week

Manual UBO reconstruction is the longest single task in corporate onboarding and the one most likely to produce an error nobody notices until an inspection.

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Interactive structure builder

Build the ownership chart layer by layer in the interface, with entities, individuals, trusts and nominee arrangements represented as they actually are.

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Automatic look-through

Effective holdings are calculated through every layer and aggregated across paths, so an indirect position that breaches the threshold is flagged automatically.

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Jurisdictional thresholds

Apply the threshold that governs the relationship rather than a single global default, and record which rule was applied to which entity.

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Screening every UBO

Every identified beneficial owner is screened for sanctions, PEP status and adverse media in the same run as the entity itself.

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Change detection

Ownership changes trigger re-verification and re-screening rather than waiting for the next periodic review to catch them.

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Evidenced decisions

Where you fall back to a senior managing official, the reasoning and the approver are recorded against the file rather than left implicit.

Questions

About beneficial ownership

What is a beneficial owner?+
A beneficial owner is the natural person who ultimately owns or controls a customer, or on whose behalf a transaction is conducted. Crucially it is always a human being — a company can never be the beneficial owner of another company, so you keep looking through the structure until you reach natural persons or exhaust the ownership and control tests.
Why is 25% the most common threshold?+
It derives from the FATF standards, which treat a controlling ownership interest as the starting point for identifying beneficial owners of legal persons, and from the EU directives that adopted twenty-five per cent plus one share as the indicator. Many jurisdictions followed. FATF sets a floor rather than a ceiling, so some countries apply lower thresholds, and firms are free to apply a lower threshold themselves on higher-risk relationships.
How do you calculate indirect ownership?+
Multiply the percentages along each ownership path and add together the results for any person holding through more than one path. A person holding sixty per cent of a company that holds fifty per cent of the applicant holds thirty per cent indirectly. Structures are often arranged so no single layer breaches the threshold while the aggregate look-through position does, which is why layer-by-layer review misses beneficial owners.
What if no one meets the threshold?+
Apply the control test first: look for anyone who can appoint or remove the board, exercise a veto, or direct the entity through an agreement or in practice. Only if that also produces nobody do most regimes allow you to identify the senior managing official as beneficial owner of last resort, and you should record why you reached that position rather than simply naming a director.
Can we rely on a public beneficial ownership register?+
Not on its own. Registers are generally populated by self-declaration and are often unverified by the registrar and out of date. They are a useful corroborating source and in several regimes you are required to report discrepancies between the register and your own findings, but they do not discharge your own obligation to identify and verify beneficial owners.
How do trusts differ from companies?+
For trusts and similar arrangements there is no ownership percentage to calculate. You identify the settlor, the trustees, the protector where one exists, the beneficiaries or the class of beneficiaries, and any other natural person exercising ultimate effective control. Several jurisdictions maintain separate trust registers with their own access rules.

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