Money Laundering

Trade-Based Money Laundering exploits the commercial trade system to move illicit value across borders — through over- and under-invoicing, phantom shipments, multiple invoicing, and front-company export schemes. FATF and the Wolfsberg Group both rank TBML among the largest and least-detected money-laundering channels globally. This guide covers the core typologies, the documentary and transactional red flags, and how detection actually works in practice.

The Money Laundering Reporting Officer is the only role in a regulated firm that carries personal regulatory liability for the AML programme. The MLRO decides whether to file Suspicious Activity Reports, approves the firm’s AML policies, and answers directly to the regulator. This guide covers the statutory basis, the practical responsibilities, the reporting-line independence requirements, and the consequences of getting the role wrong.